Or gate circuit. OR Gate: Outputs true (1) if at least one input is true.

Or gate circuit any logic gate can be created using NAND or NOR gates only. An equivalent logic statement is: ”If B=1 and A=0, or if A=1 and B=0, then Y In an earlier post, NAND and NOR gate using CMOS Technology, we have seen the implementation of 2 input NAND and NOR gate using CMOS technology. The Exclusive OR (XOR) Gate. As such, OR gate is equivalent to a parallel circuit by means of its logic function. Find the symbol, truth table, Boolean expression and examples of 2-input, 3-input and multi-input OR gates. Here’s a quick overview of the primary logic gates used in two-level logic design: AND Gate: Outputs true (1) only if all inputs are true. Thus it performs a logical disjunction (∨) from mathematical logic. e. Tinkercad works best on desktops, laptops, and tablets. checkout our website to buy electronics components, proj The Exclusive-OR logic function is a very useful circuit that can be used in many different types of computational circuits. OR gate is a fundamental component in digital electronics that implements logical disjunction. CMOS stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. |A|B|Y| |0|0|0| |1|0|1| |0|1|1| |1 With simple gate and combinational logic circuits, there is a definite output state for any given input state. The BC547 is used here in common emitter configuration. The small circle (or “bubble”) at the gate output indicates inversion, so Diode Logic (DL) OR Gate: The diode OR gate has two inputs and an output. The circuit demonstrates the basic operation of an OR gate. 4. When you push a button, the input becomes HIGH. In 3 states there is an output to the LED try it and confirm the truth table below. None of the basic logic gates (OR, AND and NOT) alone can produce a different gate by repeated use. The chip comes in a 14-pin package with the following To build Is it possible to construct an OR gate from only a combination of a NOT and an AND gate? Or possible to build an AND gate out of only an OR gate and a NOT gate? In other words, can all gates be built from only two logic 1. [7] Constructing custom logic gates 4. But before going into the realization of DL OR gate, let us The Exclusive-OR logic function is a very useful circuit that can be used in many different types of computational circuits. A logical OR operation has a high output (1) if one or both the inputs to the gate are high (1). An LED (Light-Emitting Diode) provides visual indication of If both input states are “false,” then the circuit computes to “false” Else, the circuit computes to “true” Study Notes. Download the Free 30-Day Trial today to OR Gate Circuit from NAND Gate Conceptually. OR gate is a digital logic gate, designed for arithmetic and logical operations. We then take one jumper wire from each NAND gate, which will serve as the inputs to our OR gate. This article on OR gate brings to you an introduction to OR GATE by the symbol, truth table for two and three inputs, circuit diagram with images and more. Truth Table – A truth table defines the function CD4071 Example Circuit. Hence the output is logic 0 when both inputs are logic 1 or logic 0 simultaneously. The inputs of the gate are normally pulled low by the two resistors. Logic gates are specially implemented using diodes or thyristors behaving as electronic switches. The circuit schematic for an OR gate from a 4011 NAND gate chip is shown below. The table used to represent the boolean expression of a logic gate function is commonly called a Truth Table. It can be either true or false, true being High state”1” and false being Low state”0”. When MOS transistors are used as logic gate then they are used as a switch. Note that since the OR operation is associative and commutative, OR gates can be combined freely: The player can compare huge numbers of inputs by using small OR gates to collect groups of inputs, then All you have to remember, is that current flows through a diode in the direction of the arrow. It produces 1 if any of the input values is 1. . The function of Any OR gate can be constructed with two or more inputs. Logicly provides an engaging, hands-on learning environment for teaching logic gates and circuits. All logic gates determine one output value, Here we have two OR gates combined in a circuit with three different input values to consider, \$\begingroup\$ Thanks again Peter:) the noise immunity at the input was higher (3V as opposed to 0. OR gate RTL circuit (Practical ckt) In the Transistor (RTL) logic OR gate circuit, When both inputs A & B are 0v. So naturally, when I opened SW1, D3 turned off, which is not Common quantum logic gates by name (including abbreviation), circuit form(s) and the corresponding unitary matrices. So, let’s get If you want to use XNOR gates in a circuit, you’ll find four of them in the IC 4077. OR gate is a basic logic gate. NOR Gate. As well as a standard Boolean Expression, the input and output information of any Logic Gate or circuit can be plotted into standard Boolean Algebra truth tables to give a visual representation of the switching function of the system. The NOT gate inverts the output of the NAND gate, making it high (1) when the NAND gate's output is low (0), which corresponds to an AND gate's behavior. def AND (a, b): if a == 1 and b == 1: return True else: return False # Driver code. The inputs of the logic gates having in binary form(0,1) and get the output in binary form. A logic gate truth table shows each A logic gate is a device that takes one or more binary inputs and has one binary output. The OR gate is a logic gate – one of the most basic building blocks in digital electronics. But do you know, you can build your own OR Gate on (>. 8V in the low state). Analyzing the output of the OR gate and assuming that the values of the resistors are the same throughout the circuit, a voltage division has been created, then the output voltage will be approximately: Vout = (+V – Vd)/2. It outputs a 1 if any of these inputs are 1, or outputs a 0 only if all inputs are 0. Types Of Logic Gates. Figure 17 shows the waveforms in a NAND gate circuit. Take the truth table of an OR gate, for instance:. MOSFETs Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 form the NOR gate. A NOT gate operates in such a way that if no DC bias is provided to the transistor's base (point A; Q1), it will remain shut-off, resulting in a high or logic 1 (equal to V+ level) at the output (point B). OR logic is an example of remote control of a pneumatic circuit wherein a push button can either be local to the system or remote in the control room. A logic gate can be built with transistors and usually comes as an Integrated Circuit (IC). Find out the types, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of OR gates with examples and diagrams. NOR gate is the combination of NOT gate and OR gate. The OR logic gate XOR gate (sometimes EOR, or EXOR and pronounced as Exclusive OR) is a digital logic gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when the number of true inputs is odd. See below for more detailed instructions. DL OR Gate. For each of the four possible combinations of input states (0-0, 0-1, 1-0, and 1-1), there is 2 Half Adders and an OR gate is required to implement a Full Adder. An OR gate is a digital logic gate with two or more inputs and one output that performs logical disjunction. Like an Operational Amplifier or 555 Timer IC is built by combination of many Transistors, Flip-Flops, Logic Gates and other combinational digital circuits. The OR gate is another fundamental logic gate that produces a high (1) output when at least one of its inputs is high (1). If I remove the wire connecting node x to node y, my circuit functions as an OR gate. The OR Gate. Most logic gates have two inputs and one output, and they are based on Boolean algebra. OR(num_variable_qubits, flags=None, mcx_mode='noancilla'). packages such as the common TTL 74LS32 Quadruple 2-input Positive OR Gates. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has, for instance, What is Logic OR Gate. 1: Circuit Diagram of Diode based OR Gate. Circuit diagrams for logic gates are shown below – LOGIC GATES USING SWITCH AND GATE USING SWITCH. An XOR gate implements an exclusive or from mathematical OR GATE - It is a digital circuit that has two or more inputs and produces an output,which is the logical OR of all those inputs. Similarly a Flip-Flop can be built by using a combination of Logic A logic circuit diagram for a 4-bit carry lookahead binary adder design using only the AND, OR, and XOR logic gates. circuit. A logic gate is an electronic device which is performing logical operations. The CCNOT gate is a 3-qubit gate having the following properties: A logic gate is a digital electronic circuit that is used to implement different kinds of logical and comparison operations. Otherwise, provide high state “1” as output. Let us understand the circuit operation of an OR gate using transistors. See an example of an OR gate switching circuit with a lamp and two switches. What is NAND Gate? the circuit with the AND-gate output and the one with the OR-gate output. This logical OR is represented with the symbol ‘+’ Logic OR Gates are available using digital circuits to produce the desired logical function and is given a symbol whose shape represents the logical operation of the OR gate. The output of a two-input XOR circuit assumes the logic 1 state if one and only one input assumes the logic 1 state. Using Logic Gates in Circuits. The schematic for a NAND gate circuit simulated from switches is shown in Figure 15. In this circuit, when both switches, i. The output is high only if at least one input is high and is low when both the inputs are low. The inputs and outputs are binary digits ("bits") which have two possible logical states. So, let’s get Since the NAND gate is a universal gate, we can convert any circuit into a circuit consisting only of NAND gates. The principle of operation is that the circuit operates on just two voltage levels, called logic 0 and logic 1. OR Gate: Outputs true (1) if at least one input is true. The XOR gate takes two inputs and produces an output depending on the combination of the two inputs applied. And we need an output device A logic block diagram for the XOR Gate. 7v) than its n-terminal, the diode acts like a short circuit. Each full adder requires three levels of logic. B can be implemented using a standard NAND gate with inputs A and B. While some of the logic families like TTL, ECL, MOS and CMOS logic families are quite popular and widely used in the digital circuits. It is a type of logic gate that provides a true output (1) if at least one of the inputs is true (1). GitHub. Figure 7-6 Figure 7-5 ©2010 Cengage Learning Figure 7-8: NAND Gates NAND gates Figure 7-8(a) shows a three-input NAND gate. To construct a custom logic gate, the simplest method is to start with the truth table, and con- The NAND gate symbol is like the AND gate symbol with a circle at the end, Figure 14. This is a simple diagram that shows where the input and output connections should be made. Presently, we will learn how to implement the OR gate using DRL (Diode Resistance Logic). It can be constructed using NOR and NOT gates. Weste and David M. Implementation of Full Adder using NAND gates: Implementation of Full Adder using NOR gates: The operational symbol of OR gate is ‘+’ and the expression for OR gate is Z (output) = x+y+ (Inputs). This gate is mainly used in applications where there is a need for mathematical calculations. • Example (PTM High -Performance 22nm High-K Metal Gate) While some of the logic families like TTL, ECL, MOS and CMOS logic families are quite popular and widely used in the digital circuits. There are two classic IC series where you’ll find all the logic gates; The 7400-series and the 4000-series. A logic gate is a small transistor circuit, basically a type of amplifier, which is implemented in different forms within an integrated circuit. The logic symbol for the gate is shown below: The switching circuit of the gate operation is shown below: A The electrical equivalent circuit of a two-input OR gate is shown in the following figure. The gate can be represented w Learn how to use logic OR gate circuits for logical addition and other operations. 10, the circuit of a transistor OR gate consisting of three inter – connected transistors Q 1, Q 2 and Q 3, which has been provided a common supply V CC = +5V, has been shown. A two-input XOR circuit in CMOS, based on figure 2. library. c. For each of the four possible combinations of input states (0-0, 0-1, 1-0, and 1-1), there is A free, simple, online logic gate simulator. , AB + AC + BC. Learn what an OR gate is, how it works and how to draw its logic symbol and truth table. Bases: QuantumCircuit A circuit implementing the logical OR operation on a number of qubits. The NOR gate output is equal to the inverse of the OR gate. Figure 3. It can have two or more inputs. More complex gates, with additional tunnel diodes and bias power supplies, overcame some of these limitations. This IC, often found as 74LS32 or 74HC32, is a chip with four basic OR gates. Circuit design OR Gate Using NAND Gate created by M Shahriar Ishtiaque with Tinkercad. A HIGH output results if one or both the inputs to the gate are HIGH. This can be expressed in boolean algebra as:Output = A Consequently, tunnel diode logic circuits required a means to reset the diode after each logical operation. The MOSFET LOGIC GATES. Actually the circuit connection is the same as the previous ANDjust a small change and thats all. The truth table for a two-input OR circuit. Here we are going to use 74LS32 chip for OR gate is included in the basic three gates. The dual pressure valves operates in the same manner as to an AND logical gate. What is Logic OR Gate. With this logic circuit, two bits can be added together, taking a carry from the next lower order of magnitude, and sending a carry to the next higher order of magnitude. The gate delay can easily be calculated by inspection of the full adder circuit. If you want to experiment and build circuits with OR gates, you’ll find them in both the 4000 IC series and the 7400 IC series:. Types of OR Gate As many of us know an Integrated Circuit or IC is a combination of many small circuits in a small package which together performs a task. Looks like you’re using a small screen. Logical OR gate can have 2 or more than 2 input lines but it has one output If you want to use XNOR gates in a circuit, you’ll find four of them in the IC 4077. The only time the output is "off" is when all inputs are "off". The truth table, logic symbol and transistor circuit diagrams of NAND gate are shown below. To build an OR gate from a NAND gate, we need to use 3 of the 4 gates that a 4011 NAND chip offers. Figure 2. AND Gate in Python. Just like an AND gate, an OR gate may have any number of input probes but only one output probe. A 4011 is a quad NAND gate chip. By employing testing techniques such as logic analyzers, voltage measurements, and signal tracing, engineers can OR Gate Circuit Diagram. Since, we require 1 XOR and 1 AND The OR Gate With Arduino: /*Arduino_OR_Logic_Gate. As with the previous AND Gate, OR can also be “cascaded” together to produce circuits with more inputs such The OR gate follows the logical operation of the input and output signals. OR Gate Circuit from NAND Gate Circuit. OR Operator performs logical addition operation of boolean Logic OR gates are available as standard i. A gate can operate applying Boolean algebra with input that can be given to it and yields outputs as a result. There are two A logic circuit diagram for a 4-bit carry lookahead binary adder design using only the AND, OR, and XOR logic gates. For OR gate operation, we use a transistor as a switch. An XNOR gate, also known as an equivalence gate or an EX-NOR gate, is a digital logic gate that outputs true (1) when an even number of tr Troubleshooting OR Gate Circuits: As with any electronic circuitry, OR gate circuits can encounter issues that require troubleshooting. [6] Logic Gates in Digital Electronics - In digital electronics, a logic gate is the most elementary component of a digital circuit or a digital system. Investigate the behaviour of AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and XOR gates. OR Gate Circuit from NAND Gate If both input states are “false,” then the circuit computes to “false” Else, the circuit computes to “true” Study Notes. 4071: Four 2-input OR gates; 4075: Three 3-input OR gates; 74HC32: Four 2-input OR gates (HC is the family, can also be LS/HCT/); 74HC4075: Three 3-input OR gates (HC is the family, can also be LS/HCT/); These should all be We will learn the theory of OR gate and then we will design it on a breadboard using OR Gate IC 7432. if ECL (emitter-coupled logic) is a high-speed integrated circuit bipolar transistor logic family in electronics. We first start by showing how other gates(AND, OR, Inverter) can be implemented using only NAND gates, then we use this knowledge to discuss how to convert any circuit into only a NAND circuit. , AB] and output of second AND gate [i. In, this article will explain the complete theory of the XOR gate along with its truth table, Boolean expression, logic symbol, • John P. If neither input is high, a low output (0) results. The transistors here are arranged in parallel and their bases are adopted as input. When the n After that connect the output of first AND gate [i. Learn what an OR gate is, how it works, and how to use it in digital electronics. ; 2. A CMOS two-input OR gate. class qiskit. Hence the NAND (or NOR) gate serves as The logic gates are the basic building blocks of all digital circuits and computers. In this circuit, The logic gate level circuit diagram of the OR gate built using NOR gates is shown above. The top logic gate arrangement of: A. The result qubit is flipped, if the state of any variable qubit is True. This article shows some logic gates implemented with CMOS. An OR gate is a logic gate that performs logical OR operation. The NAND truth table is shown in Figure 16. The name Logic gate is derived from the sense of the making decisions ability of such a device, and after making decisions it produces one output result. Logic Gates in Digital Electronics - In digital electronics, a logic gate is the most elementary component of a digital circuit or a digital system. The below image shows a graphical representation of all logic gates. The OR gate is represented by the plus Sign(+). It permits the signal to pass and stop through it. Another logic block diagram for the XOR Gate. False represents 0, and true represents 1. The Nor gate can take two or more inputs according to the requirement. It is an electronic circuit that consists of more than one input voltage and only one output. Python3 # Python3 program to illustrate # working of AND gate . OR gate can be realized by Diode Resistance Logic (DRL) or by Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL). Logic gates are the primary building blocks of any type of digital system. The lower logic gate arrangement first inverts the two inputs producing A and B. OR operator may take two or more inputs and produces one output. Every logic gate has a representation symbol. Then we can see here that a standard OR gate function with inverters (NOT gates) on In Boolean Algebra, the NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates because any digital circuit can be implemented by using any one of these two i. In a circuit, logic gates work based on a combination of digital signals coming from its inputs. This can be expressed in boolean algebra as:Output = A Application of Logic Gates. An OR Gate consists of inputs wired in parallel, meaning that the output will be “on” when one or both of the inputs are in an I am sure you must be familiar with an OR Gate, it's Truth Table, Logic symbol, and its working. A MOSFET transistor is a voltage-controlled switch. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has, for instance, OR Gate Meaning. It is a special type of logic gate used in digital circuits. The use of transistor for OR gate operation depends on the transistor’s switching speed. Table 1 exhibits the truth table for an XOR circuit. It is essential to comprehend basic gate manipulation in order to Troubleshooting OR Gate Circuits: As with any electronic circuitry, OR gate circuits can encounter issues that require troubleshooting. We have several types of logic gates such as OR Gate, AND Gate, NOT Gate, NAND Gate, NOR Gate, etc. Basic logic gates are often found in circuits such as safety thermostats, push-button locks, automatic watering systems, light-activated burglar alarms and many other electronic devices. Figure 5. Logic gates are the basic building elements of any digital system or circuit. Transistors Q1 and Q2 are OFF and Transistor Q3 is ON because of it gets Base voltage through Resistor R1. But when the input was \$5V\$, the reverse biased input diode sees 5V on one side and 5V on the other side. The OR is implemented using a multi-open The OR gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical disjunction – it behaves according to the adjacent truth table. AND Gate Sample Circuit Operation. What this truth table means in practical terms is shown in the following sequence of illustrations, with the 2-input AND gate subjected to all possibilities of input logic levels. The OR gates are used in combination with other gates to implement various logical Expressions and operations in the Digital circuit. In this chapter, we will learn the basics of logic gates, their advantages, limitations, and applications. Here, we will discuss the realization of OR Logic Gate using diode resistor logic, i. Basically, we tie together the inputs of each of the first 2 NAND gates. This transistor utilizes the low power and also has An OR gate (+) is a gate which uses two or more inputs and whenever any input is "on", the output is also "on". Although not a basic logic gate in its own right, its usefulness and versatility has turned it into a standard logical function complete with its own Boolean expression, operator and symbol. Check the In digital electronics, the OR gate is a type of basic logic gate that produces a high or logic 1 output when at least one of its inputs is high or logic 1. The XOR or Exclusive OR Gate is a special type of logic gate used in digital electronics to perform the exclusive OR operation. The chip comes in a 14-pin package with the following pinout: In this guide, you’re going to learn what the 74×32 IC does and how to hook it up in a circuit. The NOR gate has two inputs X and Y, and a single output Z. A simple NOT gate inverter logic gate can be created by the straightforward switching circuit shown in Fig. To make the circuit above I keep SW2 open at all times. Logical OR gate can have 2 or more than 2 input lines but it has one output line. A logic gate which gives low state “0” only and only when all of the inputs are low state “0”. And CMOS based logic gates uses complementary pair of NMOS and PMOS transistors. The circuit for a basic DL OR is shown in figure below. Harris, “CMOS VLSI Design: A Circuits and Systems Perspective,” 2011. simulate this circuit. These then become the inputs to the OR gate. Logically you can use pseudocode to visualize the gate’s process: With simple gate and combinational logic circuits, there is a definite output state for any given input state. Each type of gate has one or more (most often two) inputs and one output. 1 Truth table method Although we can construct any digital system using only the two input NAND gate, this would result in a circuit that is innefficient in space, speed and power. This makes the inputs common. These logic gates are implemented using transistors called MOSFETs. So SW1 is input 1. At any given moment, every terminal is in one of the two binary conditions: true or false. The AND gate gives an output of 1 if both the two inputs are 1, it gives 0 otherwise. In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits. The Exclusive OR Circuit (XOR) In an XOR circuit, the output is a logic 1 when one and only one input is a logic 1. In this article, we will discuss how to implement 2 input AND and OR gate using CMOS technology. However, by connecting the transistor switches in parallel, each forms an independent complete circuit between positive voltage and ground. Binary signals have two possible values: 0 and 1. A and B are open, the bulb will not glow. In this gate if any of its inputs are true then the output will also be True. For the OR operation the state ∣ 1 |1\rangle ∣1 is interpreted as True. Therefore the output from the OR gate becomes: A + B. Common problems include incorrect output, unexpected behavior, or signal integrity issues. As we know 2 input AND gate needs, 2 input device, that’s why we are using 2 button (input device). This means it contains 4 NAND gates inside of it. Here is a simple practical example you can try on your own to understand the operation of the 4071 IC. When I close SW1, I hoped D1, D2 and D3 would turn on, but only D1 and D3 turned on. A logic gate is a device that performs a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output. Figure 5 shows a CMOS two-input OR gate. Based on this, logic gates are called AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, etc. Transistor OR Gate. – Chapter 1 . 1 (where point A is the input). If neither input is high, a LOW output results. This circuit is similar to the transistor AND gate in which the transistor switches are wired in series. The relation between input and output depends on a fixed logic. Quantum logic gates are the building blocks of quantum The inputs to the OR gate are two manual push button switches each of which drives a transistor. , (A ⊕ B)C] as the input to OR gate which results in the carry of full adder i. In figure 2. Figure 14 Simulating "Classical AND Gate" using "Toffoli Gate" (also known as "Controlled-Controlled-NOT Gate", or "CCNOT Gate") With the help of Blue's comment, and the Wikipedia pages here and here, a solution to simulating classical AND gate was found. By employing testing techniques such as logic analyzers, voltage measurements, and signal tracing, engineers can OR gate gives high at the output when either of the inputs is high or both the inputs are high, otherwise it gives low. Uyemura, “Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems,” 2002. In order to understand the function of OR gate, if two diodes are used instead of two parallel switches, such a circuit is known as diode OR gate. Figure 3 shows an implementation, in CMOS, of the arrangement of figure 2. However, the repeated use of NAND (or NOR) gate can produce all three basic logic gates. In the case of the OR gate, if there is no potential (i. The component level circuit diagram for In conclusion, the versatility and applicability of logic gates in digital circuit design are demonstrated by the construction of an OR gate using NAND gates. D3 is output. In a 32-bit ripple-carry adder, there are 32 full adders, so the critical path (worst case) delay is 3 (from input to carry in first adder) + 31 × 2 (for carry propagation in latter adders) = 65 gate delays. Drag from the hollow circles to the solid circles to make connections. – Chapter 2 • Neil H. Select gates from the dropdown list and click "add node" to add more gates. If any of the switches is closed or both switches are closed, the bulb will OR. Logic gates have a lot of applications, but they are mainly based on their mode of operations or their truth table. Notice that this truth table is the reverse of the AND truth table. An OR Gate consists of inputs wired in parallel, meaning that the output will be “on” when one or both of the inputs are in an “on” state. Initially when both the inputs are at logic low both the transistors turn off and go into their cutoff state acting as an open switch which further leads to the OR Gate Meaning. To avoid operating in the saturated (completely on) zone and its sluggish turn-off behavior, ECL employs an It becomes HIGH for any other combination of inputs. Is this because when the input to a TTL NAND gate is \$0\$, the forward biased input diode sees 0V on one side and 5V on the other side. Right click connections to delete them. Generally in our academic curriculum, students are taught AND and OR gate first, and then to get NAND and The OR gate is a logic gate – one of the most basic building blocks in digital electronics. In simpler terms, if there are multiple inputs to an OR gate, the output will only be false (0) when all inputs are false (0). However, a simple tunnel diode gate offered little isolation between inputs and outputs and had low fan in and fan out. It produces a low output or logic 0 when all of its inputs are low or logic 0. Fig. logic 0, or ground) on both inputs, no current will pass through either diode, These outputs serve as inputs for the OR gate. In addition to 1 and 0, these states may be called true and false, high and low, active and inactive, or other such pairs of symbols. Conceptually, the OR gate is built from NAND gates through the following diagram. Tinker ; Gallery ; Projects ; Classrooms ; Resources ; Log In Sign Up . Boolean Algebra – This forms the algebraic expression showing the operation of the logic circuit for each input variable either True or False that results in a logic “1” output. In digital electronics, the XNOR gate is a type of logic gate used to perform an exclusive NOR gate. nhuiaq vrtrnik bfzkte daoy ftisw nnz zdi xvclbs lwxtg lctz