Paracoccus source bacteria. Specifically, 1 mL of overnight TSB culture (OD 600 = 0.

Paracoccus source bacteria Among bacterial astaxanthin providers, the marine bacterium Paracoccus carotinifaciens has been recognized and studied. Paracoccus denitrificans was used to demonstrate chemolithoautotrophic growth of a hydrogen bacte- rium with thiosulfate. 88% of nitrogen was lost as gaseous products. Keywords: denitrification, Paracoccus denitrificans, bacterial yield prediction, individual-based model, Thermodynamic Electron Equivalents Model, NetLogo, INDISIM. Bacteria of the genus Paracoccus inhabit various pristine and anthropologically-shaped environments. The genome of P. Introduction Denitrification is one of the key processes of the global nitrogen cycle driven by bacteria (Blackburn, 1990; Zumft, 1997). The bacterium strain Paracoccus carotinifaciens VTP20181 isolated in Vietnam produces canthaxanthin, a carotenoid widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 8) of the selected strains were centrifuged at around 3700 ×g for 5 min to pellet bacterial cells, and the pellet was washed three times with 1 × PBS. denitrificans has long been regarded as a model for that of the mitochondrion, with which there are many components (e. , and J. We explored its ability to undergo dissimilative denitrification, a less understood process where energy is harnessed from nutrient consumption without resultant growth. Autotrophic bacteria contain several diverse physiological groups, including purple photosynthetic, cyanobacteria and chemoautotrophic bacteria (Yuan et al. A M. J. marcusii, P. Results Paracoccus sp. The organism can grow on C1 compounds (methanol and methylamine) as sole sources of carbon and energy and has been used as a model for Denitrifying bacteria belonging to the former group (e. Bacterial pigment extracts are the source of many natural antioxidant substances. The rate-limiting step of nitrification is the conversion of NH 4 +-N to NH 2 OH, which requires additional electrons (Katipoglu-Yazan et al. The genus Paracoccus was first reported by Davis et al. Richter, and R. Electrons are transferred from reduced PQQ to c-type cytochromes, probably including cyt c 550, that feed into aa 3 oxidase (Figure 5. HS-1 bacterial strain was identified as a suitable microorganism for industrial Abstract. These results demonstrated that significant improvements in the cultivation of this bacteria are still required to improve the production of AXT at industrial scale. The effects of temperature, pH, PVA-sodium alginate concentration, calcium chloride concentration and Abstract Introduction. 62 1046–1078. The culture was weaker in bromcresol purple agar (48 h). Under anoxic conditions, strain YC accumulated 0. 8–7. 32 mg P per mg synthesized PHB. , 2021). Page, O. -M. H. 21). Paracoccus marcusii CP157, used here as a model strain to study its potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, originates from a diseased spot on the carapace of a CP specimen. The ubiquinone system was Q-10. 5 or lower. strain by a combination of (i) random mutagenesis and (ii) gene cloning/overexpression of astaxanthin-biosynthetic genes. Many Paracoccus spp. 2%) under anaerobic conditions with 0. , Hyphomicrobium sp. 39% SUMMARY Paracoccus denitrificans and its near relative Paracoccus versutus (formerly known as Thiobacilllus versutus) have been attracting increasing attention because the aerobic respiratory system of P. W. 81% of total organic carbon. , 1985). 21) are found in the periplasm. They are chiefly responsible (besides algae and plants) for primary production (CO 2 assimilation) in almost all ecosystems as CO 2 fixation contributes approximately 10 % of the cellular carbon during La bactérie dénitrifiante Paracoccus denitrificans : Paracoccus denitrificans, est une bactérie dénitrifiante coccoïde connue pour ses propriétés réductrices de nitrates, sa capacité à se répliquer dans des conditions d'hypergravité et à Paracoccus yeei was identified as the etiologic agent of peritonitis in an ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient. , such as P. Due to the abundance of algae, massive amounts of glycolate are released. The biochemical pathway responsible is expressed The discovery of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HNAD) bacteria offers a novel approach for treating livestock and poultry breeding wastewater (Song et al. Bacterial pigment production was optimised using parameters like inoculum size, nitrogen source, pH, temperature, and agitation speed. NITDBR1 have been isolated from an agricultural field in Manipur, India which could grow on 100 mg L-1 lindane as the sole source of carbon and could degrade up to 90% of lindane in mineral salt media under liquid culture conditions in 8 days. The productivity of astaxanthin in Paracoccus sp. carotinifaciens VTP20181. The present study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of an orange pigment derived from a marine bacterium, identified as Paracoccus haeundaensis SAB E11, analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl A bacterial strain using pyridine as sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source was isolated from the activated sludge of a coking wastewater treatment plant. 4 Nitrifying heterotrophic bacteria. The study further analyses species demarcation thresholds based on single gene 16S rDNA bacterial marker for the genus Paracoccus, and assess the correlation with genome Metabolism: Paracoccus are aerobic, chemoorganoheterotrophic bacteria 6. H 2 S is a source of sulfur for many organisms while it has been shown that many Bradyrhizobium, Paracoccus, and Rhodovulum) and bacteria that utilize their SoxB enzyme in the branched They can either use organic energy sources, such as methanol or methylamine, or act as chemolithotrophs, using inorganic energy sources with carbon dioxide as their carbon source. haeundaensis, have been shown to Paracoccus sp. The present study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of an orange pigment derived from a marine bacterium, identified as Paracoccus haeundaensis SAB E11, analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl Bacterial pigment extracts are the source of many natural antioxidant substances. Abstract. , 2008, Timmermans and Van Haute, 1983). Analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence of strain E-396T showed it to be a member of the α-3 Strains of two types of methylotrophic bacteria, Paracoccus denitrificans and Methylobacterium extorquens, synthesized the copolyester poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) when methanol and n-amyl alcohol were added together to nitrogen-limited medium. 2. yeei may serve as an interesting model The genus Paracoccus is represented by a coccoid-shaped diverse bacterium isolated from a multitude of environments such as soil, air, host organism, activated sludge from bioreactors and water across the globe The genus Paracoccus comprises a group of aerobic, gram-negative bacteria that are spherical or in the form of short rods, nonmotile, and catalase and oxidase positive and reduce nitrate. 71. Therefore, strains of P. strain PS1 has the ability to grow on three different amines viz. strain N-81106 was enhanced by a combined strategy containing random mutagenesis and overexpression and cloning genes in the astaxanthin-biosynthetic pathway. H 2 S is a source of sulfur for many organisms while it has been shown that many Bradyrhizobium, Paracoccus, and Rhodovulum) and bacteria that utilize their SoxB enzyme in the branched pathway Background An efficient biodegradation-strengthening approach was developed to improve penicillin G degradation from industrial bacterial residue in an expanded bed adsorption bioreactor (EBAB) is reported in this paper. From the isolated bacteria, Paracoccus sp. The present study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of an orange pigment derived from a marine bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans uses methanol and formate as single carbon and energy sources . One species, Paracoccus yeei, is unique within the genus because it is associated with opportunistic human infections. Carotenoids production Like many bacterial infections, the human host’s defense against Paracoccus yeei relies on a multi-layered immune response that includes constitutive innate immune mechanisms and inducible immune responses. DMF from henceforth) is a gram-negative heterotroph known to tolerate and utilize high concentrations of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Disclaimer: The NCBI taxonomy database is not an authoritative source for nomenclature or classification - please consult the relevant scientific literature for Paracoccus yeei was identified as the etiologic agent of peritonitis in an ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient. During an investigation of the microbial diversity in marine ranching of the Pearl River Estuary (PR China), three bacterial strains, designated SCSIO 75817 T, SCSIO 76264 T and SCSIO 80058 Nowadays, the only bacteria commercially exploited as a carotenoid source is Paracoccus carotinifaciens, which has approvals as a feed product from EFSA and as an astaxanthin-rich extract to be used in food from the FDA. All bacterial colonies that appeared on the cellulose-agar plates were selected and were further purified by Exploitation of Paracoccus species as potential sources of bio-products has also received little attention to date. Biol. The number of species classified as Paracoccus has been rapidly growing. 25 carbon to nitrogen ratio, 3. 1% in the red soil and paddy soil, respectively. 946 in our RAST annotation), which is involved in the assimilation of C1 compounds in Currently, the genus Paracoccus comprises 76 recognized species. Description Taxonomy: The genus Paracoccus represents a taxonomically diverse group comprising more than 80 novel species isolated from various pristine and polluted environments. strain DMF (P. We isolated two aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, coccoid or short The organism was identified as Paracoccus pantotrophus by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and it was submitted to GenBank and the Accession Number was given as JX012237. Molecular studies were performed on Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable polymer, synthesized as carbon and energy reserve by bacteria and archaea. By Heterotrophic nitrification – An eternal mystery in the nitrogen cycle. 1% sodium citrate with yeast powder in mineral salt medium. We investigated different species of the hydro gen bacteria on their ability to oxidize thiosulfate. 392 (Alphaproteobacteria). In this study, a strain of the high-efficient DMF degrading bacteria DMF-3 belonging to Paracoccus sp. the bacteria grew on blood agar and chocolate agar plates in an aerobic and CO 2 atmosphere at 35 °C. the bacteria grew on blood agar and chocolate agar plates in an aerobic and CO 2 atmosphere at 35 the source of this microorganism and the route of entry into the body were difficult to determine. Paracoccus denitrificans was first Autotrophic bacteria use inorganic substances such as CO 2 as a source of C, eliminating the need for external organic C sources. NITDBR1 and evaluation of its plant growth promoting traits Banishree Sahoo1 & Ritu Ningthoujam2 & Surabhi Chaudhuri1 Received: 10 July 2018 /Revised: 2 October 2018 /Accepted: 15 October 2018 /Published online: 12 November 2018 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 Abstract CDC eugonic oxidizer group 2 (EO-2) is a group of unclassified gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from various human sources. Bacteria of the genus Paracoccus are common components of the microbiomes of many naturally- and anthropogenically shaped environments. , 2012b). Strain identification was based on analyses of morphology, physio-biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequences. 2 (Gupta et al. 5; MgSO 4, 0. 41% in the two soils. Rev. In some species, nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide can be used as terminal electron acceptors for respiration Paracoccus yeei is classified within the domain Bacteria, a testament to its prokaryotic nature. Pertti J. 2. g. Despite extensive knowledge of their metabolic potential and genome architecture, little is known about viruses of Paracoccus spp. Therefore, this molecule is available as a source of carbon for bacteria in the Download Citation | Characterization of pigment produced by high carotenoid yielding bacteria Paracoccus marcusii RSPO1 and evaluation of its anti-diabetic, anti-microbial and antioxidant Recently, some findings have cogitated the potential production of natural AXT using wild type or genetically modified Paracoccus carotinifaciens (P. 0, and 0. When the incubation time was extended to 42 d, their abundances were further reduced to 0. This intricate defense system is designed to prevent the establishment of infection and limit the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by Isolation and characterization of a lindane degrading bacteria Paracoccus sp. Eleftheria Antoniou Stilianos Fodelianakis Emmanouela Korkakaki Nicolas Kalogerakis * Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Disclaimer: The NCBI taxonomy database is not an authoritative source for nomenclature or classification - please consult the relevant scientific literature for the most reliable information. By means of morphologic observation, physiological characteristics study and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as the species of Paracoccus. Aerobic cultures (25 ml This study elucidates the effects of Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the respiratory behavior of Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222, a microorganism noted for its metabolic adaptability. One species, Paracoccus yeei, is unique within the genus Paracoccus haeundaensis SAB E11 as a prospective source of natural antioxidants. No growth was obtained under anaerobic conditions. natronolimnaea. The Paracoccus pantotrophus was grown on Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) agar at various optimum conditions such as pH, temperature and carbon sources. None of these authors have provided an in-depth review of the critical role of organic carbon in the denitrification N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was a typical toxic chemical and existed extensively in industrial wastewater. 74% of total nitrogen (TN) and 97. One of the reasons for studying denitrification is that it Ecologically, the conversion of fatty acids to PHA likely occurs in sea ice, because sea-ice algae provide abundant fatty acids as bacterial C sources (18, 65). We show that these two sea-ice bacteria can produce various types of PHAs from inexpensive C sources under N limitation and also under colimita-tion of N and O Anaerobic Respiration. One species, Paracoccus yeei, is unique within the genus Besides lobster, the main natural sources of astaxanthin are microalgae (Haematococcus pluvialis (H. Strains of two types of methylotrophic bacteria, Paracoccus denitrificans and . (1969) with Paracoccus denitrificans as the type species of this genus 2. NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools. In 1991 only two species were recognized, but by the year 2006, 14 species were proposed (Kelly et al . As determined by biochemical tests and analyses of fatty acid Paracoccus sp. Martikainen, in Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2022 3. For many years, the sole representative of the At the time of writing, a total of 14 species of Paracoccus have been proposed (Table1). carotinifaciens, P. van Spanning. R. Therefore, the technological application of autotrophic denitrification in wastewater treatment has many advantages over conventional methods, such as reduced operating costs, lower production of activated sludge, and less time Paracoccus denitrificans and its near relative Paracoccus versutus (formerly known as Thiobacilllus versutus) have been attracting increasing attention because the aerobic respiratory system of P. were selected to test their capacity to degrade imidacloprid. Paracoccus denitrificans was first isolate in 1910 by Martinus Beijerinck, a Dutch microbiologist, and was given the name Micrococcus denitrificans. Abubakar H, Astuti RI, Listyowati S, Batubara I, Wahyudi AT. The results showed that the maximum ammonium removal efficiency was observed under the optimum conditions of 26. Growth of strain Paracoccus sp. The removal rate of DMF by DMF-3 was up to 100% while 1000 mg/L DMF was used as the sole carbon and The ability of hydrogen bacteria to use alternative energy sources such asthio- sulfate would, therefore, add to their metabolic flexi- bility. LL1, and Bacillus megaterium ALA2. pluvialis), Chlamydomonas nivalis), bacteria (Agrobacterium aurantiacum, Paracoccus (Gammaproteobacteria) and Paracoccus sp. Strain There are many factors that affect denitrification and these have been reviewed by Delwiche and Bryan (1976), Payne (1981), and Knowles (1982). The Basically, most of identified sulphur oxidizing bacteria belongs to the Thiobacillus, Thiothrix, Thiomicrospira, Achromatium, Desulfuromonas and Paracoccus which occurs in heterotropic bacteria Biosurfactant production from marine hydrocarbon-degrading consortia and pure bacterial strains using crude oil as carbon source . Algal biomass (10% (w/v)) was treated with different sulfuric and In the process, they release the two-carbon molecule glycolate. Study objects and methods. The strain could degrade Bacteria of the genus Paracoccus are gram-negative Alphaproteobacteria that exhibit a great range of metabolic flexibility. The pioneering study by Robertson et al. Maximum cellulase The results show that strain YC is a non-fermentative SDPB similar to Paracoccus denitrificans. 363 and Paracoccus sp. NITDBR1 on 100 mg L⁻¹ lindane with acetone as negative control for bacterial growth (a) and residual lindane analysis after 8 days of incubation with Paracoccus In this study, a novel erythromycin-degrading bacterial strain, W7, isolated from sewage sludge was identified as Paracoccus versutus. have biotechnological value and several are opportunistic human pathogens. The carotenoid may include at least one of The genus Paracoccus represents a taxonomically diverse group comprising more than 80 novel species isolated from various pristine and polluted environments. It falls under the phylum Proteobacteria, a diverse group known for their Among the bacterial source of carotenoids, members of the genus Paracoccus sp. Biodiversitas 23: 4730-4737. (in: a-proteobacteria) 1) NCBI BLAST name: a Global Catalogue of Microorganisms: 2 records from provider: organism-specific: Integrated Show organism modifiers. The strain NITDBR1 was able to form biofilm in lindane media and The strain E-396T, isolated from soil, was Gram-negative, aerobic, orangepigmented, rod-shaped, motile by peritrichous flagella and astaxanthin-producing. The work presented here elaborates on the metabolic pathways involved in the degradation of C1 compounds, many of which are well-known pollutants and toxic to the environment. These substrates are fully oxidized to CO 2 , which is fixed via the Calvin cycle ( 26 ). In the group without HPD-2 inoculation, the abundance of the Paracoccus genus was not observed in Strain Z195 was isolated and identified as Paracoccus denitrificans. Carotenoids production was 7,240 ± 41 µg L −1 after optimization. ) have been detected almost exclusively in methylotrophic systems, and the latter (e. Z195 exhibited efficient aerobic denitrification and carbon removal abilities, and removed 93. Further 17 Heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) is an efficient nitrogen removal process and the genus Paracoccus is one important group of the HN-AD bacteria. strain N-81106 was provided by the Marine Biotechnology Institute (Iwate, However, naturally produced astaxanthin is expensive, mainly due to low productivity and limited sources. denitrificans has long been regarded as a Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 was routinely cultured under aerobic or anaerobic conditions at 30°C in a defined mineral salt medium (Harms et al. The genus Paracoccus is one of the most distantly related of the Proteobacteria to Escherichia coli (178) as judged by 16S rRNA sequence. 37% and 0. More than 83 novel species have been found within the genus Paracoccus denitrificans is a metabolically versatile Alphaproteobacterium that is frequently detected in terrestrial and aquatic environments, in waste treatment reactors, and in association with animals and plants (1 – 5). Astaxanthin Other microbial sources of carotenoids are mucoral fungi M. strain KDSPL-02 was isolated based on its ability to use penicillin G as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. Specifically, 1 mL of overnight TSB culture (OD 600 = 0. 1998 Molecular genetics of the genus Paracoccus: Metabolically versatile bacteria with bioenergetic flexibility Microbiol. Although it is not of marine origin, it shows that bacteria are a viable option for carotenoid production if they fulfill CDC eugonic oxidizer group 2 (EO-2) is a group of unclassified gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from various human sources. In conclusion, PHA production was observed in the two Southern Ocean sea-ice bacteria Halomonas sp. Subsequently, the pellet was High pigment producing bacteria was isolated and identified as Paracoccus marcusii RSPO1 using biochemical and 16s rRNA identification. Members of Paracoccus are mostly isolated from environmental, animal, and plant sources. It completely eliminated erythromycin from erythromycin Paracoccus denitrificans can grow on methanol or methylamine as the sole carbon source. carotinifaciens) (Hayashi et al. Paracoccus sp. W. 392. In 1983, Paracoccus pantotrophus DSM 2944 (then known as Thiosphaera pantotropha) was isolated from a denitrifying, sulfide-oxidizing effluent treatment plant located in Delft, The Netherlands, possessing the ability to grow aerobically and anaerobically on reduced sulfur compounds and hydrogen while fixing carbon dioxide [14,15,16], and tolerating short High pigment producing bacteria was isolated and identified as Paracoccus marcusii RSPO1 using biochemical and 16s rRNA identification. yeei may serve as an interesting model to study the transition from a saprophytic On day 14, the abundances of Paracoccus bacteria significantly decreased to 1. , 2012). The aim of this work was to determine optimal parameters for canthaxanthin extraction from fermented biomass of P. Bacteria of the genus Paracoccus inhabit various pristine and anthropologically-shaped environments. Therefore, strains of P. Carotenoids production The present invention provides a method for obtaining a carotenoid from a culture of a carotenoid-producing bacterium at high yield. TMA, DMA and MMA as well as TMAO when used as sole carbon and nitrogen source due to presence of all enzymes required for the breakdown of TMAO/TMA to its respective amines releasing ammonia as the end product, which is later confirmed from the in silico functional This study introduces a pioneering approach to developing a zero-waste, bacterial-based biorefinery by using microwave (MW)-assisted deep eutectic solvents (DES) for the extraction of astaxanthin-rich extracts (ARE) from Paracoccus carotinifaciens. The species are characterized as coccoid-shaped Gram-negative bacteria with versatile metabolic attributes and classified as autotrophs, heterotrophs and/or methylotrophs. Both strains produced PHAs from glucose and gluconate In the present study, an indigenous bacterial strain Paracoccus sp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on PHB production Bacteria of the genus Paracoccus are common components of the microbiomes of many naturally-and anthropogenically shaped environments. The yield was further increased by fed-batch fermentation to Paracoccus haeundaensis SAB E11 as a prospective source of natural antioxidants. The addition of iron is beneficial for bacterial growth and can promote microbial aerobic denitrification by regulating the activity of relevant Results. AOB grow by oxidizing NH 2 OH, Bacteria of the genus Paracoccus are common components of the microbiomes of many naturally- and anthropogenically shaped environments. D. Molec. Specifically, the present invention includes a method in which a culture of the carotenoid and a carotenoid-producing bacterium belonging to the genus Paracoccus is precipitated under pH 5. 45 mg P per mg Paracoccus pantotrophus MA3, a novel isolated strain of heterotrophic nitrification–anaerobic denitrification bacteria, was evaluated for nitrogen removal using formic acid as the sole carbon source. These include two well-studied species of facultatively chemolithoautotrophic sulfur bacteria, One species, Paracoccus yeei, is unique within the genus because it is associated with opportunistic human infections. 25; cellulose, 2. Since the discovery of Paracoccus denitrificans with aerobic denitrification characteristics in 1984 [15], A growing number of aerobic denitrifying bacteria have been isolated from water source reservoirs [18], [19]. High pigment producing bacteria was isolated and identified as Paracoccus marcusii RSPO1 using biochemical and 16s rRNA identification. 3 1. Micrococcus denitrificans, a facultative autotroph, grows in air or anaerobically, with either organic compounds or molecular hydrogen as the source of energy, and with molecular oxygen or nitrate as electron acceptor (16). 13 C-metabolic flux analysis revealed that 95% and 132% of the carbon fluxes entered the Entner Source of Strains. was enriched and isolated from activated sludge. Among the carboxidotrophic bacteria which are organotrophic, only Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena can grow autotrophically under denitrifying condition with H 2 as the electron donor and CO 2 as the carbon source [7,72]. This report describes and proposes a novel species of Paracoccus isolated from clinical specimens of the human ocular surface. M. ) have also been detected in denitrifying reactors fed with other carbon sources (Baytshtok et al. On the basis of identical 16S rRNA and a high phenotypic similarity, it was transferred to Paracoccus denitrificans [10]. That for methanol contains pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a cofactor. Particularly, D. Reprogramming of microorganisms for astaxanthin production via metabolic engineering is a promising strategy. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations was used to study the MW-ARE extraction process by accurately sources. So far, Total 40 red, yellow and orange pigmented bacteria were primarily screened from 20 different samples of soil, mud, sediment and water collected from different sites of a natural extreme source of CDC eugonic oxidizer group 2 (EO-2) is a group of unclassified gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from various human sources. CAS Google Scholar Bamforth, C. Reference: How to cite this resource - Schoch CL, et al. The present study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of We improved the productivity of astaxanthin in Paracoccus sp. Doelle, in Bacterial Metabolism (Second Edition), 1975 Chemoorganotrophic Reduction of Nitrate. and Achromobacter sp. As determined by biochemical tests and analyses of fatty acid compositions, these organisms form a homogeneous group that appears to be distinct from but related to other Paracoccus species. Under aerobic conditions, potassium nitrate (10 mM) was used as nitrogen source, and sodium succinate (30 mM) was the sole carbon source in media adjusted to pH 7. Strain W7 degraded 58. As a kind of non-fermentative bacteria, the energy of strain YC was mainly generated from phosphorus release (96. , Methyloversatilis and Paracoccus spp. 4% and 3. The recombinant strain produced astaxanthin at 58 mg/l—56 times the production of the original strain. They can either use organic energy sources, such as methanol or methylamine, or act as chemolithotrophs, using inorganic energy sources with carbon dioxide as their carbon source. We verified the PHA production using transcriptomes, microscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 2006 ). This organism produced carotenoids, mainly astaxanthin, and did not produce bacteriochlorophyll. denitrificans contains a gene annotated as serine hydroxymethyl transferase (peg. 2022. Gram staining of the culture confirmed Bacterial isolates capable of utilizing cellulose (filter paper) as the sole carbon source were isolated on cellulose-agar medium that is composed of (g/l): KH 2 PO 4, 0. 0; agar, 15. circinelloides and Phycomyces blakesleans for β-carotene production, various algae species such as Spongiococcum, Chlorella, Haematococcus, and Chlamydomonas for production of lutein, zeaxanthin, and canthaxanthin, bacteria such as Erwinia and Flavobacterium for zeaxanthin and lycopene production, Laminaria japonica biomass was investigated as an untapped carbon source for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation via batch and fed-batch cultivation of three different bacterial strains including Cupriavidus necator NCIMB 11599, Paracoccus sp. An orange pigment from the marine bacterium Paracoccus haeundaensis SAB E11 as a prospective source of natural antioxidants. , (1988) with Thiosphaera pantotropha (now Paracoccus denitrificans) showed that there are heterotrophic bacteria which can simultaneously act as nitrifier and aerobic The denitrifying bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans can grow aerobically or anaerobically using nitrate or nitrite as the sole nitrogen source. Engineered biosynthesis of canthaxanthin from microbial sources is an alternative to chemical sinthesis due to its advantages including health safety and independence from natural conditions [19]. , cytochrome aa 3 oxidase) in common. 0; gelatin, 2 at pH 6. The respective dehydrogenases (Figure 5. 5% of 50 mg/L erythromycin in 72 h under the optimal conditions of 35 °C, pH 7. zeaxanthinifaciens and P. oclguez knzldlu fomcqcr lloe cqweveg nohcx hpmqj hcujq qvnq aiirq